Marcus Antony and Cleopatra defeated at battle of Actium
Civil war with Julius Caesar the winner
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Jesus Christ Crucified in Jerusalem
Vigils developed to protect and fight fires in city of Rome under Augustus
Pompey, Crassus and Julius Caesar formed alliance known as First Triumvirate
Attila the Hun invaded Italy – stayed out of Rome as request
Roman soldiers given permission to marry during tour of duty
Romans defeated Hannibal at battle of Zama
General Cincinnatus came out of retirement, put down his plow, and took up position of dictator to save Rome. As soon as he won the battles he returned to Rome, resigned and returned to his fields
Hortensia argued that taxes on rich women were unfair
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Eastern Empire survived as the Byzantine Empire
Justinian began to recapture Western Roman Empire
Hadrian ordered building of Pantheon in Rome
Romans used concrete for first time in Roman town of Palestrina
Constantine I invaded Italy and took over with Licinius
Pompey rid the Mediterranean sea of pirates
Beginning of Empire age with Octavian claiming title of Augustus and assuming all the power of the magistrates in the Roman government-beginning of the Pax Romana (peace of Rome)
Invention of heating system known as the hypocaust used in villas spread to most public baths
Julius Caesar assassinated on the Ides of March (15
Empire reached greatest extent under Emperors Trajan (96-117) and Hadrian (117-138)
Began construction of first aqueduct and first major road
Julius Caesar conquered all of Gaul – current day France
Fall of the Western Roman Empire by invasion of Goths
Vesuvius erupted burying towns of Pompeii and Herculaneum
Constantine I defeated Licinius and took over sole rule of Empire
Byzantine Empire defeated by Ottoman Turks
Capitol moved from Rome to Constantinople (current day Istanbul) by Constantine I
Civil war between Marcus Antony and Octavian
Diocletian split empire into four sections ruled by two co-emperors
Rome became a republic by overthrowing King Tarquin the Proud
Mythical founding of Rome by Romulus and Remus
Second Punic War with Carthage with Hannibal leading the Carthage Army
Revolt of Plebeians against Patricians – Plebeians
Pont du Guard aqueduct in Gaul ( France) built, still stands today
Rome controlled all of Italian peninsula
Great fire in Rome – Nero blamed Christians and began persecution
Roman Citizenship extended to Latin and Italian Allies
First War between Rome and Carthage (First Punic War)
Edict of Milan gave freedom of worship to Christian church, Christianity became official religion of Empire
Time of Anarchy, uncertainty who was legitimate Emperor for much of the time
Julius Caesar ordered to disband army – instead began civil war
gave right to choose their own tribunes and have a voice in government
Rome developed the first law code, the Twelve Tables
Marcus Antony and Cleopatra escaped to Egypt and committed suicide
Slave revolt led by gladiator Spartacus